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我的Debian GNU/Linux 桌面環境

2026 改用Debian 13 (2026.08.10 updated)

Debian 12 (2025.04.16)

安裝Debian 12、Gnome Desktop，語系選繁體中文。
新的Gnome不習慣，login的畫面點齒輪改成Gnome Classic

基本桌面設定

  • 輸入法: 英文Dvorak、中文新酷音 (設定直接改就好了)
  • 終端機: 換一下配色

Add sudoer

edit /etc/sudoers

%your-username ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

logout/login 後才有作用

Caps Lock改成 Ctrl

修改 /etc/default/keyboard

XKBOPTIONS="ctrl:nocaps"

Install Packages/Tools

Update packages

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Development

sudo apt install vim emacs git zsh tmux curl wget tig sqlite3
sudo apt install build-essential libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev liblzma-dev libbz2-dev tk-dev libffi-dev llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev liblzma-dev net-tools

Set default SHELL to zsh

chsh -s /bin/zsh
logout/login 後才有作用

Docker

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/debian/

好用軟體

Command line

  • lazydocker, lazygit
  • fastfetch (好用好看的system info)
  • Alacritty (好用的 Terminal Emulator，標榜OpenGL、速度快)

Desktop Tools

flameshot (snapshot)

apt install flameshot

安裝完設定 Keyboard -> Custom Shortcuts

command: sh -c "XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway flameshot gui"

Debian 13如果只用 flameshot gui 會錯

Heptabase

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Launch Heptabase.
# --gtk-version=3: force GTK 3 (GTK 4 crashes on this setup)
# (FUSE via libfuse2t64 handles AppImage mounting — no extract-and-run needed)
appimage=$(ls ~/d/bin/Heptabase-*.AppImage 2>/dev/null | sort -V | tail -1)
if [[ -z "$appimage" ]]; then
    echo "No Heptabase AppImage found in ~/d/bin/" >&2
    exit 1
fi
exec "$appimage" \
    --no-sandbox \
    --gtk-version=3 \
    "$@"

Browser

Floorp

到 https://ppa.floorp.app/ 按步驟安裝

Chromium

apt get install chrome

Zotero

Installation Instructions

Debian 12會報錯，要 install libdbus-glib-1-2

系統管理

  • bmon: command-line 看網路狀況